THE STRUGGLE TO DEFEND INDONESIAN INDEPENDENCE

A. The Conflict between Indonesia and the Holland

1. There were several causes of conflict between Indonesia and the Dutch

a) The AFNEI ( Allied Forces Netherlands East Indies ) arrived in Indonesia on September 29, 1945. The AFNEI leader was the English Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison. AFNEI had an agreement with the NICA administration to take over political power temporarily.

~ It was called Civil affairs agreement on August 24, 1945.

It stated that :

AFNEI, especially England would support the Dutch to return to Indonesia.(AFNEI force consisted of military from India, Malaysia, and other English units)

The AFNEI assignment in Indonesia, among other thing included :

a. to accept the transfer of power from the Japanese

b.to free the prisoners belonging to the allied forces

c. to disarm, assemble and send the Japanese home

d.to keep the country peaceful and give the power to the civil government

e. to get information about war criminals and send them to court.

b) The Dutch established a so called puppet state or the doll’s nation where the leader of country has no independent power.

The Dutch tried hard to do that using :

1. Malino agreement , July 15-25, 1946

2. Pangkal Pinang agreement, October 1, 1946

3. Denpasar agreement, December,18-24, 1946

2. From the escalation of conflict between the Dutch and Indonesia in many places in Indonesia, the youth group and other nasionalist activists successfully seized weapons from the Japanese and fought the Allied Forces. The effort to take back the power was done through :

a) The Weapon Conflict

1. In Surabaya, there was“November 10” incident

( November 10, 1945 )

2. In Bandung, there was “Bandung Lautan Api” Incident

(March 24, 1946)

3. In Sumatra, there was“The Medan Area” Incident

( December 10, 1945 )

4. In Biak, there was “The Merah Putih” Incident ( March 14, 1948 )

5. In Central Java, there was “ The Ambarawa Incident “(Novem-ber 20 – December 15, 1945 )

6. In Bali, there was “Bali or Margarana Incident” ( May 16 , 1949)

b) Diplomacy struggle

1. Hooge Valuwe agreement ( April, 14 – 25, 1946 )