WORLD WAR II (1939 – 1945)
A. The Causes of World War II
1.The general causes of
world war II
a. The failure of
peace efforts by the league of nation’s
b. The rise of
fascism
Concept which stick the state’s interest out on everything.
Concept which practiced fascism were :
1. Italy under Mussolini(Il
Duce) with the “Italia Irredenta” concept and “Italia La Prima”
2. Germany under Hitler (the
Fuhrer) with the strong feeling of chauvinism and strong concept of
“Lebensraum” (living space)
* Hitler wrote a book entitled “Mein Kampt”
* established GESTAPO or secret police
* established NAZI party with the SWASTIKA sign/symbol.
3. Japan Fascists with Kaisar Hirohito and the prime minister Tojo
with “The Bushido Spirit” and “Hakko Ichiu spirit” (the world is the one family)
c. Strong feeling of wanting
to take revenge for the loss of face and honour after after treaties that ended
World war I (when Germany war considered the losing party).
d. Formation of the coalition
1. The Triple Entente that
consisted of democratic block (France, England, USA, the Netherlands) and
communist block (Rusia, Poland, Hungaria, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Rumania,
Cekoslovakia)
2. The Fascist block that
consisted of Germany, Italy, Japan
e. The
weapon contest among European nations
2. Specific Causes
a. In Europe, Germany attacked Danzig, a very
important harbour and center of industry in Poland on September 1st
, 1939.
b. in the Asia Pacific, Japan
attacked Pearl Harbour, the main harbour for American fleet in Hawaii (USA), with
a surprise attack in the early hours of the morning on December 7th,
1941, usually called Asia Pacific war or Asia Raya war.
B. Battle fields :
a. Europe : Italy, Japan, Germany vs
England, Netherland, France, US
b. North Africa
: Ethiopia, Egypt, Aljeir,
France, England vs Germany, Italy
c. Asia Pacific :
Japan vs ABCD / ABDACOM
C.The end of the second world war was
the defeat of the fascist block.
D. The Agreement of the world war II
1. The Yalta conference under
the Big Three
on February 4-11,1945. They were :
-
England : PM. Wiston Churchill
-
America : Pres. Franklin Roosevelt
-
Soviet : PM. Joseph Stalin
2. The Missouri agreement
September 2, 1945
- this
document formally announced the
surrender of Japan to the US
E. The result of the world war II
1. Politic field
-
the rise of superpower nations ; United State and Soviet
-
It happened cold war between East block and West block
-
the emergence of the independence nations in Asia
-
the forming of the military coalition
-
many independence nations became divided
2. Economy field
-
the world economy shattered.
-
Japan and Germany became advanced industrial nations
3. Social field
-
the position of the educated community became important
-
the founding of social organization
for war victims
F. The Influence on Indonesia
While WW II was fought on different fronts around the
world, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese army and navy (Dec. ’41 – Aug
’45). However, many Indonesian leaders and activitists from the pie-war
nationalist movement were appointed as government personnel, supporting the
Japanese administration. Some of the most influential nationalist leaders, like
Sukarno-Hatta, H.A. Salim, and many others formed a special political council
to prepare Indonesia (BPUPKI) for the period after the war.
So, when the Japanese
surrendered to the Allied Forces on the 15th August, poli-tical
power in Indonesia was transferred to the members of this council, the PPKI and
two days later they proclaimed Indonesia’s independence.
The resulted, however, in 4 more years of war and
struggle, because the former colonial power, Holland did not accept the
Indonesian political independence. Only after many casualties, several
political agreements and strong international pressure from the U.N a
cease-fire was agreed, after which Holland granted Indonesia its independence
(19 Dec’49).
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