PERIODIZATION OF PRE HISTORIC TIME ON PEOPLE CHARACTERISTICS

PERIODIZATION OF PRE HISTORIC TIME ON PEOPLE CHARACTERISTICS

Pembabakan zaman Pra Sejarah berdasarkan ciri-ciri kehidupan masyarakatnya

People’s lifein pre historic time was devided into 4 Period

Kehidupan manusia pada zaman Pra sejarah terbagi menjadi 4 periode :

A.Hunting and Food Collecting / foodgathering Period

(Kehidupan berburu dan meramu)
The characteristic/ ciri -ciri :

1. Nomaden / migrated ( berpindah-pindah)
2. Foodgathering (tergantung pd alam)
3. Stay in cave (Abris Sous Roches) Tinggal digua
4. Stay near by source of water and foodstuff (tinggal dkat sumber air dan makanan)
5. The kind of foodstuff : sweet potatoes,taro fruit and leaves (umbi2an, buah keladi dan daun2an)
6. This period was able to make fire (dapat membuat api)
7. Their tools are made of stone, wood and bone (alat mereka terbuat dari batu,kayu dan tulang)

Example : found are choppers ( k. perimbas )

hand axes ( k. genggam)

flakes (serpih bilah)

8. The kind of human pre historic is Pithecantropus -- Punung, Pacitan , East Java, ( By Von Keningswald) jenis manusia purba adl Pithecantropus

B. The life of Dwelling and Cultivating Period ( bermukim dan Berladang berpindah)
The characteristics/ ciri -ciri :

1. Pre-Historic human started to sharpen their stone tools

MP Masa Ini Telah Mengasah Alat2 Dr Batu

b. They were able to make fire (Dapat Membuat Api)

C. Some Stayed in cave (Abris Sous Roches) Tinggal Digua and the others lived together in tree houses

(Mrk mulai menetap, tinggal dirumah pohon dan berkelompok)

d. They grew sweet potatoes, breadfruits and bananas

( mereka menanam ubi, sukun, dan pisang)

e. Nomaden / migrated ( berpindah-pindah)

f. Their tools were made from stone, wood and bone

(alat mereka terbuat dari batu,kayu dan tulang),
Examples - Square adze (Beliung Persegi)
- Oval Axe (Kapak lonjong)
- Arrow (Mata panah)
- Pottery (Tembikar/Gerabah)
- Jewelry (perhiasan)

C. The life of Cultivating in The rice Field Period
(kehidupan bercocok tanam di persawahan)

1. Foodproducing (menghaslkan makanan)

2. 2. Breeding chickens, buffalos, pigs and dogs (beternak….)

3. They made simple houses near field. The purpose of making houses is for avoiding flood and beast ( membangun rumah sederhana dekat sawah, tujuan membangun rumah utk menghindari banjir dan serangan binatang buas)

4. They recognized the barter system (mengenal sistem barter)

5. They banded together which is called village (mereka membentuk kelompok yg disebut kampung)

6. They recognized mutual assistance (mereka mengenal gotong royong)

7. They were carry out of work. (Mereka melakukan pembagian kerja)

8. They recognized Believe System were animism, dynamism, Tottemism.(mengenal sistem kepercayaan yaitu…)

D. Metal Age / Perundagian Age
Zaman logam atau zaman perundagian

1. Human’s had expert to make the metal tools using a cire perdue and bivalved technique. Manusia Telah Pandai Membuat Alat-alat Dari Logam DenganTeknik A Cire Perdue (Sekali Pakai) Dan Bivalve (Berulang)

2. The economy level of public had been reached prosperity (The expert division had been existed. The social-economically. The Un developing extent had been firmly reached. The Undagi is a group of people having expert to make printed good, such blacksmiths up to engineers)

(Tingkat Perekonomian Masyarakat Telah Mencapai Kemakmuran/ Sudah Ada Pembagian Keahlian• Telah Mencapai Taraf Perkembangan Sosial Ekonomi Yang Mantap, Undagi Adalah Sekelompok Orang Yg Memiliki Keahlian Membuat Suatu Barang (Cetak, Pandai Besi Sampi Konstruksi)

3. 3. The Tools had been produced
nekara, moko, corong and bronze axe, candrasa, bronze statue, blade, plough and metal agriculture equipment, bronze accessories such necklace, bracelet, etc.
Alat-alat yang dihasilkan
nekara, moko,kapak corong, kapak perunggu, candrasa, arca perunggu, pisau, bajak dan alat pertanian dari logam, perhiasan dari perunggu spt kalung, gelang dll

4. 4. The way of life/ the lively-hood they done

They had breeding and agricultural-experienced (recognizing astronomical knowledge, trading at traditional market ( barter system), having skill at making metal, bronze, and iron printed tools and earthenware vessels

Tata cara hidup / mata pencaharian pada masa ini adalah :

mereka memiliki pengalaman dalam bertani (mengenal ilmu astronomi) dan berternak perempuan tidak hanya bekerja di rumah tetapi juga berdagang di pasar.terjadi perdagangan dengan cara tukar menukar/ barter, dan membuat ketrampilan barang produksi antara lain cetakan dari logam, perunggu, besi & gerabah

5. 5. The leader or Chieftain Elevation
It is based on PRIMUS INTER PARES and democratiaclly-oriented
Pengangkatan Pemimpin/kepala suku
Pengangkatan Pemimpin atau kepala suku berdasarkan PRIMUS INTER PARES (yang kuat yg menang) dan dipilih demokratis

6. From the social aspect:

the life of recent people becomes more and more regular, for example; There have been a good job divison according to each individual competence they possessed, recognizing gotong royong (communal assistance) living in stage-aliked house permanently in a village.

Dari segi sosial,

kehidupan masyarakat zaman ini semakin teratur. Contohnya : ada pembagian kerja yang baik berdasarkan kemampuan yang dimiliki masing-masing individu. Mengenal gotong royong, hidup dirumah panggung dan tinggal menetap disebuat desa/kampong.